The entrance to the temple used to be marked by the Hadrian’s Arch, the arch was built to celebrate the arrival of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. Part of the arch survived during the years and can still be seen nowadays.

👉 Top Tip: Close to the Temple of Olympian Zeus, you can find a park that contains the ruins of the Themistokles’ wall and the ancient Roman baths. They are located at the side of the road on Vassilissis Amalias Avenue and are free to visit.

Acropolis

The word acropolis means something like High City or City Built in a High Area in Greek. Many cities in ancient Greece had an acropolis but the most famous and iconic one is the Acropolis of Athens, whose complex and artistic architecture still intrigues us nowadays.

After the victory over the Persians and the establishment of democracy, Athens became one of the strongest city-states in the world.

With so many artistic groups flourishing at that time, the then Athenian statesman Pericles, with help of the sculptor Pheidias, started to turn the simple rocky hill into one of the most important monuments we ever had.

Different than most people think, although the Acropolis is a citadel, it was not an area where people lived, it was actually a political, religious, and intellectual area.

Main buildings in the Acropolis of Athens

Propylaea: The beautiful gateway that serves as the entrance to the Acropolis. It was built in 437 BCE, by architect Mnesicles. The gate has five doors, being the central one the culmination of the Sacred Way, the road that linked the Acropolis to the city of Eleusis. Although the Propylaea was not a fortified building, it had a security function.

Temple of Athena Nike: A temple dedicated to Athena and where she was worshipped as the Goddess who stood by the Athenians in times of war. It is located at the entrance of the Acropolis, next to the Propylaea, in the southwest of the Acropolis plateau, and is still well preserved. Inside the temple, in ancient times, you would find a wooden statue of Athena, holding a helmet in one hand, a symbol of war, and a branch of the pomegranate tree in the other, symbolizing peace.

Erechtheion: Definitely one of the most beautiful temples in the Acropolis, and one of the most iconic due to the famous Porch of the Caryatids. Although it was created as another temple for Goddess Athens, its name comes from Erechtheus, the demi-god, the mythical Athenian first king. The temple was also used in order to worship Poseidon, following the mythological dispute between him and Athena for the patronage of the city of Athens.

Parthenon: Finally the symbol of Greece, and the best example of ancient Greek architecture in the World: Parthenon, sitting on the top of the Acropolis, was also dedicated to Athena and houses a statue made of ivory and gold of the Goddess. Despite the damage, Parthenon suffered over the centuries, its structure remains almost intact, preserving most of its columns.

Ancient Agora

In ancient Greece, Agora used to be a public space, where people used to gather to meet each other, do groceries, and do other activities of normal daily life. The ancient Agora of Athens counts with many monuments, temples, and buildings.

The most notable ones are definitely the Stoa of Attalos, a large covered walkway or portico, built by the King Attalos II of Pergamon that rules between 159 BC and 138 BC. The building was used for political and administrative reasons, housing different offices in its many rooms. It is also believed that this is the place where Socrates’ trial took place in 399 BC.

👉 Fun Fact: The Stoa of Attalos was a gift to the city of Athens for the education that King Attalos, ruler of the city of Pergamon, received in the city. He studied under the philosopher Carneades.

The Stoa of Attalos was later destroyed and remained in ruins until 1956 when it was completely rebuilt and turned into a museum that exhibits a collection related to Athenian democracy.

Another famous and impressive building in the Ancient Agora site is the temple of Hephaestus, sitting on top of Agora Hill. The Temple of Hephaestus is the most well-preserved temple in ancient Greece, which remains largely as it was first built.

In the 7th century, the temple of Hephaestus was converted into a Greek Orthodox church, remaining like so until 1834, which helped save the temple from destruction.

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Hadrian’s Library

Located next to the Roman Agora, and Built in the same format as a Roman Forum, is the Hadrian’s Library. Despite the proximity, which makes many people think Hadrian’s Library is also part of the Agora, this complex of buildings was actually built much later.

It was founded by Emperor Hadrian in AD 132 and in its Golden Era, the Hadrian’s Library used to have a big room where rolls of papyrus (the ancient version of books) were kept, next to this room, are the reading rooms while the corners were lecture halls.

👩‍🏫Did you know? Later, during Byzantine times, three churches were built on the same site, one of which, was the first cathedral of Athens. Later, a fourth church was built against the north facade, but only the ruins of the first three churches remain preserved nowadays.

Panathenaic Stadium

The Panathenaic Stadium is one of the ancient buildings that are still in use nowadays thanks to restoration. Built on the site of an ancient Greek stadium dating back to 329 BC, the Panathenaic Stadium is deeply connected to the tradition of the Olympic Flame and the Olympic Games.

Built to host the Panathenaic Games, a religious festival dedicated to the Athena goddess, the event counted with ceremonies and athletic competitions.

🧐Did you know? It has a capacity for more than 60,000 people, making the Panathenaic Stadium, the biggest monument in Ancient Greece, and the only stadium made of marble in the world.

The stadium was completely rebuilt in its original form and was put into use again in the first International Olympic Games in 1896. Nowadays it is the scenario of concerts and shows during the Summer.

Kerameikos

Originally divided into two sections, the Inner Kerameikos which used to be the potters’ quarter within the city, and the Outer Kerameikos, located outside the city wall, which used to be the public graveyard.

The area became famous after Pericles delivered his funeral oration in 431 BC. After the Peloponnesian War, many civilians belonging to rich families and warriors were buried in this cemetery and their graves can still be seen nowadays.

Kerameikos now counts on a museum that displays the biggest collection of burial-related artifacts of entire Greece, that goes from small toys and jewelry to large-scale marble sculptures that used to be placed in Athenian graves.

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Mythological tour in Athens

When I was in the city, I had the chance to visit the best geek monuments in Athens with Alternative Athens and learn more about them during one of their tours. Alternative Athens offers different tours and as the name says, they are not so conventional.

I went on the Mythological tour, which I loved! The tour began in the Temple of Olympian Zeus, the unofficial entrance of ancient Athens, where we listened to our first of many tales of Greek Mythology. As we made our way through the ruins, we learned about different myths and how they are linked to the real life of ancient Athenians, their society, heroes, and Gods.

The tour ended in the Kerameikos cemetery, where we learned about the fall of this great and legendary Empire that was Athens. After listening to part of the speech of Pericles, known as the Funeral Oration, it makes us reflect on everything we learned during the tour, and how so many parts of this history are still so present in our lives.

Listening to the myths as you look at the ancient Greek buildings completely immerses you in history, making everything more tangible. Honestly, for me, this tour was a life experience.

To visit any of these monuments in Athens, it is necessary to buy a ticket, buying the combo ticket, for which I paid €30 (I’m writing this in 2018) gives you entrance to all the main ruins and museums. We most of the ruins we visited with Alternative Athens during our Mythological tour, but there are others included in the ticket that can be visited after the tour on your own.

Planning your Visit to Athens

• 🏨 Find the perfect accommodation in Athens. Booking, HotelWorld.
• 🚖 Book your airport transfer here.
• 🚗 Get from your hotel to the Piraeus Port here.
• 💳 Get free access to the main attractions with the Athens Combo Pass Ticket.
• 🚌 Book a City Sightseeing bus.

Disclosure: Thanks to Alternative Athens for giving me the opportunity to experience this amazing tour and for gifting me two tickets for the Mythological tour. As always, all opinions are my own.